https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30973 Wed 19 Jan 2022 15:16:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24093 0.05). Protein loads of 75 and 100 g resulted in lower glycaemic excursions than control in the 60-120 min postprandial interval, but higher excursions in the 180-300 min interval. In comparison with 20 g glucose, the large protein loads resulted in significantly delayed and sustained glucose excursions, commencing at 180 min and continuing to 5 h. Conclusions: Seventy-five grams or more of protein alone significantly increases postprandial glycaemia from 3 to 5 h in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus using intensive insulin therapy. The glycaemic profiles resulting from high protein loads differ significantly from the excursion from glucose in terms of time to peak glucose and duration of the glycaemic excursion. This research supports recommendations for insulin dosing for large amounts of protein.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 17:03:56 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35891 3 months attending diabetes centres in Newcastle, Australia. Rates of overweight and obesity were compared with matched population survey results. Results: Data from 308 youth and 283 young adults were included. In girls, significantly higher prevalence of overweight and obesity were seen in the 5–8 (43% vs. 18%), 13–16 (41% vs. 27%), 18–24 (46% vs. 34%) and 25–30 (60% vs. 43%) years age groups; whereas in boys increased prevalence was observed in the 5–8 years age group only (41% vs. 18%). Rates of overweight and obesity increased with age across sexes. In youth, BMI standard deviation score was correlated with socio‐economic status, insulin regimen, blood pressure and blood lipids (P < 0.05). In adults, BMI was positively associated with blood pressure, and longer diabetes duration (P < 0.02). Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are over‐represented in young persons with type 1 diabetes, particularly girls. As overweight is associated with other cardiovascular disease markers early intervention is paramount.]]> Wed 06 Apr 2022 13:57:00 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44265 Tue 11 Oct 2022 13:54:48 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42869 Tue 06 Sep 2022 09:31:19 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9586 0.05). Mean gram error and meal size were negatively correlated (r = -0.70, P < 0.0001). The longer children had been CHO counting the greater the mean percentage error (r = 0.173, P = 0.014). Core foods in non-standard quantities were most frequently inaccurately estimated, while individually labelled foods were most often accurately estimated. Conclusions: Children with Type 1 diabetes and their caregivers can estimate the carbohydrate content of meals with reasonable accuracy. Teaching CHO counting in gram increments did not improve accuracy compared with CHO portions or exchanges. Large meals tended to be underestimated and snacks overestimated. Repeated age-appropriate education appears necessary to maintain accuracy in carbohydrate estimations.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:39:11 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:7663 0.05). The 10-g variations in CHO quantity resulted in no differences in BGLs or area under the glucose curves for 2.5 h (P > 0.05). Hypoglycaemic episodes were not significantly different (P = 0.32). The 70-g meal produced higher glucose excursions after 2.5 h, with a maximum difference of 1.9 mmol/l at 3 h (P = 0.01), but the BGLs remained within international postprandial targets. Conclusions: In patients using intensive insulin therapy, an individually calculated insulin dose for 60 g of carbohydrate maintains postprandial BGLs for meals containing between 50 and 70 g of carbohydrate. A single mealtime insulin dose will cover a range in carbohydrate amounts without deterioration in postprandial control.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:36:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:16009 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:19:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29693 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:38:48 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40679 Mon 18 Jul 2022 09:21:13 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40131 1c < 65 mmol/mol (8.1%), received a 50 g protein, 30 g carbohydrate, low-fat (< 1 g) breakfast drink over five consecutive days at home. A standard insulin dose (100%) was compared with additional doses of 115, 130, 145 and 160% for the protein, in randomized order. Doses were commenced 15-min pre-drink and delivered over 3 h using a combination bolus with 65% of the standard dose given up front. Postprandial glycaemia was assessed by 4 h of continuous glucose monitoring. Results: The 100% dosing resulted in postprandial hyperglycaemia. From 120 min, ≥ 130% doses resulted in significantly lower postprandial glycaemic excursions compared with 100% (P < 0.05). A 130% dose produced a mean (sd) glycaemic excursion that was 4.69 (2.42) mmol/l lower than control, returning to baseline by 4 h (P < 0.001). From 120 min, there was a significant increase in the risk of hypoglycaemia compared with control for 145% [odds ratio (OR) 25.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.5–206; P < 0.001) and 160% (OR 103, 95% CI 19.2–993; P < 0.001). Some 81% (n = 21) of participants experienced hypoglycaemia following a 160% dose, whereas 58% (n = 15) experienced hypoglycaemia following a 145% dose. There were no hypoglycaemic events reported with 130%. Conclusions: The addition of 30% more insulin to a standard dose for a high-protein meal, delivered using a combination bolus, improves postprandial glycaemia without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.]]> Fri 15 Jul 2022 09:55:16 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45562 P =0.001], with inter‐individual requirements ranging from 0.9 to six times the low‐protein meal requirement. Approximately half the additional insulin [1.1 units/h (CI 0.5, 1.8; P =0.001)] was given in the first 2 h, compared with an additional 0.5 units/h (CI –0.2, 1.2; P =0.148) in the second 2 h and 0.1 units (CI –0.6, 0.8; P =0.769) in the final hour. Conclusions: A high‐protein meal requires ~50% more insulin to maintain euglycaemia than a low‐protein meal that contains the same quantity of carbohydrate. The majority is required within the first 2 h. Inter‐individual differences exist in insulin requirements for dietary protein.]]> Fri 04 Nov 2022 14:45:18 AEDT ]]>